Phytochemical Analysis and Anti-obesity Effects of Kalanchoe pinnata Root-Stem Methanol Extract

Background: For a long time, Kalanchoe pinnata has been recognized for its therapeutic effects, primarily on metabolic diseases such as obesity. The current study aims to explore the weight reduction potential of the K. pinnata’s root-stem mixture and characterize its phytochemical profile. Methods: The bioactive compounds of the root-stem powder were identified using qualitative and quantitative analyses. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and ultraviolet/ visible (UV/Vis) spectroscopies were used to determine the functional groups. Volatile compounds were profiled using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC– MS) analysis. In vitro, a pancreatic lipase inhibition assay was used to evaluate the anti-obesity potential of the methanol extract. An in vivo study was also conducted on high-fat diet-fed mice to investigate the lipid profiles and histopathological changes in the pancreas, liver, and kidney following treatment with the extract. Results: Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of compounds such as flavonoids, polyphenols, saponins, and glycosaponins, known for improving metabolic disorders. The GC-MS showed the presence of volatile compounds. K. pinnata rootstem methanol extract exhibited significant inhibition of pancreatic lipase activity. The improved lipid profiles of the rats, weight reduction, and histopathological examinations revealed reduced inflammation and the restoration of normal pancreatic, liver, and kidney architecture, similar to the effects of Orlistat. Conclusion: This study confirms K. pinnata’s anti-obesity effects. Thus, further clinical studies and investigation into the extract’s mechanism of action are needed to verify its safety and efficacy.