Exercise and nutrition strategies for sarcopenia in older adults: evidence from a network meta-analysis based on EWGSOP and AWGS criteria

These findings support combined exercise and nutritional interventions as a preferred treatment option for improving muscle strength, muscle mass, and physical function in older adults with sarcopenia. However, the overall certainty of the evidence ranged from low to very low. In particular, multicomponent exercise programmes centred on resistance training and combined with protein supplementation may offer superior benefits for enhancing muscle strength and physical function.