Governamentalidade algorítmica e tecnologias de reconhecimento facial: reconfigurações punitivas no contexto brasileiro

This article analyzes the transformations of contemporary punitive practices in today’s social context, where data and algorithms have assumed a central role in dynamics of power and control. It addresses the question of what role algorithms play in current punitive practices and what effects they generate. To this end, it examines the use of facial recognition technologies in Brazilian public security, with a focus on the states of Bahia and Goiás. Based on a review of the literature, the study explores the contemporary biopolitical landscape, marked by the crisis of traditional mechanisms of confinement. In response to this crisis, new forms of control have emerged that move beyond penitentiary technologies and establish surveillance mechanisms in open spaces, grounded in security devices and the logic of risk management. Within this framework, data become essential to punitive practices, driving the development of increasingly sophisticated surveillance techniques. The article investigates how networked computer systems capture, process, and deploy this data, examining the underlying logic and rationality. The research seeks to understand how these devices can produce biased outcomes, particularly against racialized individuals and those in situations of gender vulnerability. The findings indicate that (i) the use of this technology embeds a discriminatory bias that reinforces racial and gender inequalities in the context of surveillance; and (ii) these technologies intensify surveillance and data management under a supposedly objective rationality that ultimately generates predictive profiles and delivers silent verdicts on individuals.