Prevalence and Determinants of Metabolic Syndrome in Young Adults — Insights from a Jordanian Medical Student Cohort

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS), characterized by central obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and high blood sugar levels, increases the risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Despite its increasing prevalence, its impact on young adults, particularly medical students, remains underresearched. Although this study focuses on MetS, we also explored perceived stress to examine its potential interplay with metabolic factors. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors among medical students in Jordan. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Jordan University of Science and Technology (JUST), involving 132 fifth- and sixth-year medical students. Data collection included anthropometric and biochemical measurements as well as lifestyle assessments through structured questionnaires. MetS was diagnosed according to the International Diabetes Federation criteria. Statistical analyses included Pearson correlations, multivariable regression models, and receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC-ROC) analysis. Results: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 7.6%, based on the International Diabetes Federation criteria (IDF). Body mass index showed the strongest correlation with the risk of MetS (r = 0.803, p < 0.001). Dairy consumption was positively associated with metabolic risk, whereas physical activity demonstrated a marginal inverse relationship. The factor analysis-based risk score for MetS exhibited a high predictive accuracy (AUC = 0.793). Conclusion: Medical students are at risk of MetS due to modifiable factors such as body mass index and dietary patterns. Early intervention strategies focusing on lifestyle modifications, including dietary counseling, exercise programs, and stress management, are essential for preventing long-term complications.