Expression of Immune Checkpoints LAG-3, CTLA-4, TIM-3 and PD-1 in Beta Thalassemia patients Treated using HbF Augmentation Therapy and Regular Transfusions
The findings of this study are suggestive of alterations in immune regulation in beta-thalassemia that could be attributed to thalassemia itself, repeated exposure to blood products, recurrent infections, and the use of immunomodulatory drugs.
Authors
- Komal Akram Khan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1520-5255)
- Sajid Shah (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6334-4773)
- Muhammad Tariq Masood Khan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7841-7058)
- Asad A. Shah (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9323-9181)
- Yousaf Khan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6449-5458)
- Umar Ali Khan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3079-7538)
Institutions
- Khyber Medical University (PK)
- Hayatabad Medical Complex (PK)
- Institute of Management Sciences Peshawar (PK)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Turkish Journal of Hematology
- Published
- 2025-10-15
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.4274/tjh.galenos.2025.2025.0278
- Primary Topic
- Hemoglobinopathies and Related Disorders
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00