Characteristic gait disorders in neurological diseases

Annotation. Gait is a complex motor process that occurs due to the precise interaction of the central and peripheral nervous systems. Gait disorders are often an early symptom of neurological diseases, such as Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, polyneuropathies, and myasthenia gravis, and can serve as an important diagnostic criterion. The article discusses mechanisms of gait disorders in these pathologies, in particular the role of degeneration of dopaminergic neurons, demyelination of nerve fibers, sensory ataxia, and disorders of neuromuscular transmission. Special attention is paid to clinical manifestations, such as hypokinesia, ataxia, spasticity and fatigue, which allow for an effective differential diagnosis. Also in the article innovative approaches to rehabilitation that significantly improve the lives of patients' lives. These include the use of robotic therapy, virtual reality, neuromuscular reality, neuromuscular stimulation, and individual physical rehabilitation programs. rehabilitation programs. The article emphasizes the importance of early diagnosis and a multidisciplinary and regular approach to treatment, which allows to effectively control symptoms and slow down the progression of diseases. The study of gait disorders remains a relevant area in neurology, as their analysis opens up new opportunities for the development of personalized therapeutic strategies.