Analysis of clinical practice in root canal irrigation during endodontic treatment: results of a questionnaire survey

Annotation. Root canal irrigation is an essential component of endodontic treatment, ensuring microbial decontamination and preparing the root canal system for obturation. The aim of this study was to investigate clinical approaches to root canal irrigation among dental practitioners based on a questionnaire survey. The analysis included the choice of irrigants, frequency of chelator use, activation methods, irrigation duration, and changes in tactics depending on the clinical situation. The questionnaire survey was conducted among dentists in Vinnytsya and the Vinnytsya region (n=134) via online distribution of a self-structured questionnaire using Google Forms. Descriptive statistics were applied, with the calculation of percentage distributions of responses. The results demonstrated a high level of awareness among respondents regarding the role of irrigation; however, considerable variability in treatment protocols was revealed. Sodium hypochlorite is the most frequently used irrigant, often combined with chelators, although the sequence of their application differs. Chlorhexidine is primarily used in retreatment cases and in the management of apical periodontitis. The syringe with an endodontic needle remains the main method of irrigant delivery, while negative pressure systems are rarely employed. Ultrasonic activation is the most common method, whereas other techniques (sonic, laser, thermal) are scarcely used. Most practitioners perform final irrigation, but its sequence and composition remain non-standardized. These findings emphasize the need to develop evidence-based, standardized clinical protocols to enhance the effectiveness of root canal cleaning and disinfection. Prospects for further research include expanding the geographical coverage of the sample, comparing approaches in private and public healthcare sectors, and evaluating the efficacy of modern activation methods. It is also advisable to introduce targeted educational programs and to develop a national irrigation protocol adapted to clinical practice and the principles of evidence-based medicine.