Clinicopathological and histopathological investigations of canine parvovirus infection in naturally infected dogs in Bangladesh

Canine parvoviral enteritis (CPE) is a highly contagious and potentially fatal viral disease affecting dogs, particularly puppies (less than 3-6 months). Its prevalence is increasing due to increased pet ownership and rapid urbanization in areas like Bangladesh. The disease manifests in enteric and cardiac forms, with symptoms including anorexia, lethargy, hemorrhagic diarrhea, vomiting, and dehydration. This study on CPE revealed that key clinical signs, including foul-smelling hemorrhagic diarrhea, dullness, and dehydration, were more common. Hematological analysis indicated decreased hemoglobin concentration and red blood cell levels, likely due to intestinal capillary damage and blood loss, as well as reduced white blood cell counts, suggesting severe leukopenia. Elevated liver enzyme levels also pointed to hepatic involvement. Post-mortem examinations revealed both myocarditis and gastroenteritis, with significant damage to abdominal organs, including bloody mucus in the intestines, congestion and hemorrhage in the small intestine, and a thickened intestinal wall. Microscopic examinations revealed degeneration and necrosis, clumping and atrophy of the villous epithelium, as well as hepatic congestion, and other histopathological changes in various tissues. These findings underscore that CPE infection causes significant hematological and biochemical changes, which are critical indicators of disease severity. Therefore, recognizing clinical signs and conducting hematological assessments are essential for early diagnosis, appropriate treatment, and improved prognosis in affected dogs.