Comparative study between LDH, ferritin, and D-dimer in Iraqi patients with COVID-19

Background: Viruses are obligate intracellular pathogens that depend entirely on host-cell machinery for replication. In SARS‑CoV‑2 infection, elevated biomarkers like D‑dimer, ferritin, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and other inflam¬matory mediators are strongly associated with increased disease severity and poorer prognosis. These markers en¬able early risk stratification in COVID‑19 patients. Aim: This study evaluates LDH, ferritin, and D-dimer levels as prognostic biomarkers for COVID-19 severity in Iraqi patients. Methodology: This research was designed as a case-control study and conducted at Al-Karkh General Hospital. Venous blood samples were collected to assess the bio¬chemical levels of D-dimer, Ferritin, and LDH. Results: A higher infection rate was observed in males compared to females, with the 40–50 age group most affected. Significant positive correlations among LDH, Ferritin, and D-dimer levels. Conclusion: Elevated levels of LDH, ferritin, and D-dimer are closely associated with COVID-19 severity and may serve as reliable biomarkers for disease progression. This study demonstrates a significant positive correlation between these parameters in Iraqi patients.