Day-Ahead and Intra-Day Two-Stage Power-Carbon Trading Model and Cabon Quota Allocation Method for Promoting New Energy Consumption

To fully reflect green electricity’s environmental value, this paper explores “carbon emission reduction” potential in power generation and consumption from day-ahead carbon quota allocation and intraday source-load fluctuations, promoting regional new energy absorption. It constructs a multi-time scale electricity-carbon coupled market framework, specifying day-ahead-intraday two-stage trading forms and carbon quota allocation. In day-ahead trading, the electricity market clears centrally to maximize social welfare (aligning with the current market); the carbon market involves shared responsibilities between generation and load sides, with a VCG mechanism-based quota auction linking carbon emissions, prices, and electricity consumption. Intraday trading accounts for generation/consumption uncertainties, clears electricity centrally, and proposes a carbon quota compensation mechanism for settlement. Case studies confirm effectiveness: under VCG, social welfare rises by $30.4 \%$, load-side benefits by $44.1 \%$, new energy absorption by $8 \%$, with total carbon emissions significantly reduced. The two-stage market collaboration eases thermal power operators’ carbon pressure from system balancing and achieves dual goals of low-carbon economy and efficient new energy absorption.