Optimal Dispatching Strategy of Electric Thermal Hydrogen Integrated Energy System in Highway Service Area

This paper addresses the challenges of high renewable energy and fluctuating loads in expressway service areas by proposing a day-ahead optimal scheduling model for an electric thermal hydrogen integrated energy system (IES). This system incorporates photovoltaic, PEM cell, hydrogen storage, energy storage, and hydrogen fuel cell with a variable thermal power ratio. To tackle the problems associated with insufficient description of the start-up and shutdown characteristics of the electrolyzer and the limitations of a single demand response dimension in the existing research, we propose a collaborative strategy that integrates a “multi-working condition PEM electrolyzer and integrated demand response (IDR). The electrolyzer is categorized into five working conditions: shutdown, cold standby, low load, variable load and overload. The constraint related to start-up and shutdown, mutual exclusivity of operational states, and the duration of continuous operation. Additionally, two types of electric heating load responsestransferable and replaceable-to facilitate peak shaving and valley filling, as well as energy space-time translation. Taking Hami service area as a case study, we compare three schemes: “hydrogen storage + IDR + multi-working condition electrolyzer”, “no hydrogen storage” and “no IDR”. Results show that the proposed strategy enhances system flexibility, promotes renewable energy use, and reduces operating costs.