Optimization Strategy for Energy Storage Deployment and Operation in High-Penetration Clean Energy Systems Considering Both Supply Security and Renewable Accommodation

The widespread deployment of high-proportion clean energy tends to exacerbate the phenomenon of wind and solar curtailment. Meanwhile, the high penetration rate of clean energy installed capacity further compresses the startup capacity of traditional synchronous generating units, weakening the grid’s regulation capability and increasing the risk of load supply guarantee. This leads to increasingly severe dual challenges, revealing the operational dichotomy between unmet demand and forced renewable dispatch reductions. Electrochemical energy storage, as a key means to suppress renewable intermittency and resolve active power mismatches, is crucial for ensuring the safe, stable, and flexible operation of the power grid. By proposing a joint investment-operation optimization framework for energy storage systems that balances supply guarantee and consumption, a bi-level model is constructed. The bilevel framework determines optimal storage siting and sizing at the strategic investment tier while managing real-time operational dispatch policies at the scheduling tier, achieving a dual-level model that balances supply guarantee and consumption. Finally, two numerical examples in an IEEE 33-bus system verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed strategy. Energy storage integration enhances grid stability and renewable utilization by balancing supply reliability with demand-side flexibility, while also effectively reducing system operation costs and optimizing power system economics.