Optimal Operation of Integrated Energy Microgrids Considering Comprehensive Demand Response and Tiered Carbon Trading

An economic low-carbon dispatch method considering comprehensive demand response and tiered carbon trading mechanisms is proposed to address the rational allocation and optimal operation of units in integrated energy microgrids. By introducing comprehensive demand response, the electric, gas, and thermal loads are classified into shiftable and substitutable loads according to their horizontal and vertical demand response capabilities, enabling load transfer not only among different types of loads but also adjustments in energy consumption timing. This optimizes the load profile and enhances the flexibility of system dispatch. Furthermore, a tiered carbon trading mechanism is incorporated to constrain carbon emission output from equipment, thereby reducing carbon trading costs during system operation and improving economic efficiency. Case studies validate the effectiveness of the proposed low-carbon economic model: after considering demand response, the overall fluctuation of the load curve decreases, the peak-to-valley difference of the electric load curve is reduced, and the total cost is lowered; compared with traditional carbon trading scenarios, carbon emissions are also reduced after considering tiered carbon trading.