Wind Resource Distribution Characteristics in Northern China’s Terrestrial Region

The development and utilization of wind energy are highly dependent on the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of wind resources. Given China’s diverse climate regimes, wind resources exhibit pronounced spatial heterogeneity, making accurate assessment of their spatiotemporal variability essential. Therefore, based on the newly released China Meteorological Administration Atmospheric Reanalysis (CMARA V1.5) $\mathbf{2 5 ~ k m}$ resolution wind speed data at $\mathbf{1 0 0 ~ m}$ height (wind turbine hub height), this study comprehensively and systematically investigates the variation characteristics of wind energy resources at $\mathbf{1 0 0 ~ m}$ height over the northern terrestrial region of China over the past 41 years, with integrated consideration of wind power density, effective wind frequency, coefficient of variation, and wind energy reserves. The results indicate that the northern region of China exhibits abundant wind energy resources at 100 m height, which are highly suitable for wind farm development, particularly in eastern Inner Mongolia and the Hexi Corridor, where wind resources are most prominent. The findings provide critical insights for optimizing onshore wind energy exploitation and supporting peak-load regulation strategies in China’s power systems.