Impact of Cold Storage on the Operational Performance of All-Electric Energy Stations

The all-electric district energy system with cold storage can achieve grid-friendly interaction-including supporting renewable energy integration and peak-load shavingwhile meeting the diverse demands of building types and load characteristics. The configuration of cold storage (both capacity ratio and temperature) significantly impacts the operational performance of the district energy system. Focusing on a typical district energy system in Shanghai, this study establishes a system model to investigate the influence of cold storage capacity ratios and temperatures on energy efficiency, economic performance, and peak-shaving effectiveness. Based on the findings, an optimized control strategy for the all-electric district energy system with cold storage is proposed. The results demonstrate that: (1) When the cold storage capacity ratio is $50 \%$, compared to a system without cold storage, the unit cooling cost decreases from $0.154 \mathrm{CNY} / \mathrm{kWh}$ to $0.083 \mathrm{CNY} / \mathrm{kWh}$, achieving a $46.1 \%$ reduction; (2) In the typical - day case, when the cold storage temperature is reduced to $4^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$, a maximum peak - period electricity reduction of $\mathbf{3 7. 1 \%}$ can be achieved, which means a better peak - shaving effect. The study provides guidance for optimizing cold storage capacity, temperature settings, and operational control in district energy systems, with findings contextualized by Shanghai’s climate and tariff policies.