Coordinated Configuration of Thermal and Battery Storage Capacities in Wind-PV-CSP-BESS Renewable Energy Bases Considering Green Certificate Trading

For a $100 \%$ renewable energy generation base supported by wind, photovoltaic (PV), concentrated solar power (CSP) and BESS, optimizing the capacity configuration of thermal and battery storage is crucial for improving the renewable energy integration rate and the stability of the power system. This paper proposes a coordinated optimization method for thermal storage(TES)/battery storage capacity, considering the green certificate(GC) trading mechanism. It takes into account the operational constraints of direct current(DC) channels, various power sources, and energy storage devices, and establishes a bilevel stochastic optimization model with the objective of maximizing the system’s annual integrated revenue. Using simulation data from a wind-PV-CSP-BESS renewable energy base in northwest China and typical daily profiles obtained through K-means clustering, the model is solved to determine the optimal configuration of TES and battery storage that balances system economics, reliability, and environmental sustainability. Additionally, the impact of factors such as GC trading, TES cost and battery storage costs on the configuration results is further quantified and analyzed.