Translation and validation of the Arabic version of the Dutch heart failure knowledge scale in Sudanese context

Background: Sudanese heart failure patients (HF) face challenges in self-care due to limited disease knowledge. Aim: To translate, culturally adapt, and validate the Dutch Heart Failure Knowledge Scale (DHFKS) into Arabic for use in Sudan. Methodology: Following a standard forward–backward translation, two bilingual translators and a panel of cardiologists and linguists produced the Arabic version. After pilot-testing with local patients, the scale was administered to 110 outpatients. Internal consistency (Cronbach’s α) and test–retest reliability (p-value) were evaluated. Results: The Arabic DHFKS demonstrated strong internal consistency (α = 0.824) and acceptable test–retest reliability (p<0.05). Mean score was 5.34 ± 2.41, highlighting areas for targeted educational interventions. Conclusion: These findings confirm that the Arabic DHFKS is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing HF knowledge, supporting its use in clinical practice and research to guide patient education and improve outcomes.