A Case of Worsened Refractory Ascites due to Prednisolone Administration for Stricture Prevention after Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection for Extensive Early Esophageal Cancer: Case Report and Literature Review

Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is widely used for early esophageal cancer, even in patients with liver cirrhosis (LC). Corticosteroids, administered orally or by local injection, are often used to prevent post-ESD esophageal stricture. However, their safety in patients with decompensated LC and refractory ascites remains unclear. A man in his 70s with alcohol-related decompensated LC and refractory ascites underwent ESD for subcircumferential superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma located on esophageal varices. To prevent post-ESD stricture, both oral prednisolone and local triamcinolone were administered. Ascites worsened significantly, and large-volume paracentesis was performed. Subsequently, the patient developed a mural thrombus in the superior mesenteric vein and non-occlusive mesenteric ischemia, leading to bowel perforation and death on day 51 post-ESD. In LC patients with refractory ascites, oral corticosteroids may exacerbate ascites and increase thrombotic risk, potentially leading to fatal complications. This case highlights the need for careful risk-benefit assessment of subcircumferential ESD in vulnerable cirrhotic patients.