The Geomagnetic Midlatitude Effects of the Supersubstorms during May 10-12, 2024 Superstorm

The aim of this study is to conduct the detailed analysis of the geomagnetic auroral and midlatitude disturbances during the superstorm on 10-12 May 2024.It was the second-strongest geomagnetic storm of the space era (SYM/H ~ -518 nT).Storm main phase was observed from ~17:15 UT on May 10 to ~ 02:15 UT on May 11, the recovery phase was registered on May 11-13.Extremely intense geomagnetic disturbances, so-called "supersubstorms" (SSSs: SML < -2500 nT) were recorded during the superstorm.According to the SuperMAG data base, there were several SSS events: at ~19:20 and ~19:50 UT, ~22:35 and ~ 22:40 UT on 10 May, at ~09:00 and ~09:50 UT, at ~12:45, ~13:32 and ~13:43 UT on 11 May, 2024.The planetary space-time distribution of the magnetic disturbances during these SSS were studied using the data collected from the ground-based networks (SuperMAG, INTERMAGNET and IMAGE) as well as the magnetic registrations by the Iridium constellation of 66 satellites at 780 km altitude, distributed over six orbit planes spaced equally in longitude (AMPERE project).We studied the extremal geomagnetic disturbances during SSS by examining the morphology of the auroral electrojets, the corresponding positive magnetic bays at midlatitudes, and the solar wind driving conditions.Different features at mid-latitudes effects of these four SSS events are discussed.