Association of dietary intake of macronutrients, legumes, and fibers with serum levels of paraoxonase-1 in patients with coronary artery disease

Adopting preventive measures, such as a heart-healthy diet abundant in legumes and dietary fibers, is essential for managing risk factors associated with coronary artery disease (CAD). The purpose of this investigation was to elucidate the relationship between the dietary intake of macronutrients, legumes, fibers, and serum levels of paraoxonase-1 (PON1)—an enzyme known for its protective role against CAD—in patients diagnosed with CAD. In this cross-sectional research, 102 CAD patients and 60 healthy controls were recruited. CAD was diagnosed through angiography, and dietary intake was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire. Serum PON1 levels were measured using an ELISA method. The dietary intakes of fats, lentils, broad beans, and fibers were significantly lower in the patients than in the healthy group. In multivariate analysis, each unit increase in dietary protein, soluble and insoluble fibers intake was associated with 4 % (p = 0.03), 82 % (p = 0.05), and 35 % (p = 0.02) reduced odds of CAD, respectively. The high dietary intake of carbohydrates was inversely associated, but fats (total, saturated, and MUFA) and lentils were positively associated with serum PON1 levels. These results highlight the importance of dietary choices in influencing cardiovascular health, suggesting that incorporating lentils in the diet, increasing fiber intake, using the correct proportions of different fats (saturated or unsaturated), and moderating carbohydrate consumption may be beneficial for maintaining optimal heart health. • Adopting preventive measures, like a heart-healthy diet, is key to managing coronary artery disease risk factors effectively. • Increasing lentils and fiber intake, balancing fats, and moderating carbohydrate may help support optimal heart health. • Large-scale cohort studies and trials are needed to focus on the relationship between PON1 and legume consumption.