Climate Change and Mental Health: Systems Models for Understanding and Responding

ABSTRACT This paper examines systems models proposed for climate change and mental health through a systematic review of the evidence using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta method and feedback from an Indigenous Elder, knowledge bearer and co‐author (Aunty Rhonda Dixon‐Grovenor). While published systems models of climate change and mental health are relatively recent, markedly increasing since 2020, Indigenous cultural knowledge that exists for thousands of years helps understand the interconnectedness and interdependence of human mental health and nature. Systems modelling of climate change and mental health better reflects the complex interactions between climate change impacts on mental health and provides windows into ways to improve human mental health at individual, family, community and broader societal levels. We present a non‐Indigenous systems model showing direct, indirect, physical health and awareness aspects of climate change impacts on mental health. Using a systems model approach can identify the various levels at which interventions could be considered. Specific examples of using systems models to find solutions for extreme heat are outlined in tables. The potential to improve human mental health using systems modelling to understand climate change and mental health interactions can be enhanced by collaboration and learning together with Indigenous knowledge bearers. In contrast, the failure of the government and companies to value and include the scientific knowledge from Indigenous peoples as solutions to the climate and nature crises means ignoring answers to the greatest threat to human health in this century.