New advances in the study of postmenopausal osteoporosis and arteriosclerosis: Exploration of metabolite changes and their mechanisms

Postmenopausal women face a significantly increased risk of osteoporosis and arteriosclerosis due to a marked decline in estrogen levels, making it an important issue in public health. In recent years, metabolomic studies have revealed dynamic changes in various charged metabolites in the bodies of postmenopausal women, which are closely related to abnormal bone metabolism and vascular lesions. Although some research has explored the correlation between osteoporosis and arteriosclerosis in postmenopausal women, systematic studies on metabolite changes and their mechanisms remain relatively scarce. This article reviews the latest research progress on postmenopausal osteoporosis and arteriosclerosis, focusing on the changes in metabolite profiles and their roles in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, urea cycle, and homocysteine metabolism, discussing their mechanisms affecting bone and vascular health. By integrating the latest metabolomic data and clinical studies, this article aims to provide theoretical basis and research directions for the early diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis and arteriosclerosis in postmenopausal women.