Halal Certification Business Ecosystem in Indonesia: A Stakeholder and Process Analysis

Purpose— This study aims to analyze the halal certification system in Indonesia by identifying key stakeholders, regulatory frameworks, and institutional interactions. It conceptualizes the system as a dynamic business ecosystem shaped by regulatory bodies, religious authorities, and implementing institutions.Design/methods/approach – A qualitative document analysis was conducted on laws, government regulations, and agency decrees. Additionally, Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN) was used to visualize the halal certification workflow under regular and self-declare schemes.Findings–The analysis reveals that Indonesia’s halal certification operates as a multi-actor business ecosystem involving regulators (BPJPH), scholars (MUI and KFPH), and implementers (LPH and LP3H). The introduction of the self-declare scheme has expanded access for micro and small enterprises but added complexity in coordination and quality assurance.Research implications/limitations— This study is limited to document-based analysis without empirical validation. Future research should explore regional implementation, stakeholder coordination, and public trust in simplified certification pathways.Originality/value– By framing halal certification as a business ecosystem, this study shifts the discussion beyond compliance-based perspectives. It offers a conceptual model that captures institutional interdependencies, regulatory transformation, and stakeholder roles. The findings provide insights for policymakers and practitioners in strengthening halal governance and positioning Indonesia as a global halal leader.