Research on Zinc-Ion Hybrid Supercapacitor Based on Hydrogel Electrolyte Technology

This study focuses on the field of zinc-ion hybrid supercapacitors and systematically explores the research status, performance influencing factors and optimization strategies of hydrogel electrolytes. Against the backdrop of increasing energy demand and rising environmental protection requirements, zinc-ion hybrid supercapacitors have attracted much attention due to their advantages such as high energy density and long cycle life, and hydrogel electrolytes are the key to their performance improvement. The current hydrogel electrolyte material system covers natural polymers (chitosan, sodium alginate), synthetic polymers (polyacrylamide, polyvinyl alcohol) and composite materials (containing silica, graphene nanoparticles), and has broad application prospects in portable electronic devices, electric vehicles, new energy power generation and other fields. Its performance is significantly influenced by the material composition (polymer matrix, ionic liquid, nanomaterials, crosslinking agent) and the preparation process (temperature, stirring speed, reaction time, solvent selection, preparation method). Through material modification (chemical doping, surface modification, nanoscale treatment, blending) and structural design (three-dimensional interconnected pores, layered, nano, gradient structure) strategies, the ionic conductivity, mechanical strength and interfacial compatibility can be effectively enhanced. The research results provide theoretical support for the development of high-performance hydrogel electrolytes, which is expected to promote the wide application of zinc-ion hybrid supercapacitors in the field of energy storage and help solve energy storage problems.