Global, regional, and national burden of knee osteoarthritis attributable to high BMI: a systematic analysis from 1990 to 2021 and projections to 2050

The impact of high BMI on the burden of KOA is substantial. Future efforts should focus on individuals aged 50 years and older, females, and low-middle SDI regions for intensified health education and interventions. Promoting a healthy lifestyle, including balanced diets and increased physical activity, is essential to mitigate the future burden of KOA attributable to high BMI. Region-specific interventions are needed. For example, low-middle SDI regions, where obesity rates are rising alongside limited healthcare resources, would benefit from targeted health education programs, including weight management, physical activity promotion, and access to affordable healthcare. High SDI regions should focus on obesity prevention through policy interventions that regulate food quality and encourage physical activity.