The Effect of Absorber Layer Thickness of Cu ₂ ZnSnS ₄ on Solar Cell Performance: Theoretical Study Using SCAPS‐1D

ABSTRACT This study deals with the effect of absorber layer thickness on the performance of solar cells of type (Cu 2 ZnSnS 4 ) using the SCAPS‐1D simulation program. The solar cell properties were analyzed by varying the absorber layer thickness from 1 to 7 microns, and recording the effect on the open circuit voltage (Voc), output current (Jsc), fill factor (FF), and efficiency (η%) The results showed that increasing the thickness of the absorber layer led to an increase in both Voc and Jsc, with Voc increasing from 0.599872 to 0.658324 V, and Jsc increasing from 14.19 to 16.55 mA/cm 2 . This improvement reflects the cells ability to absorb more light and generate electrical charges. However, a slight decrease in the fill factor was observed, decreasing from 29.40% to 28.06%, indicating the effect of internal resistance and increased losses in thicker layers. Efficiency also saw a significant improvement, rising from 2.50% to 3.06%. These results reflect the importance of absorber layer thickness as a critical factor in improving cell performance of Cu 2 ZnSnS 4 solar cells. The study indicates the need to achieve a balance between layer thickness and performance efficiency to achieve more efficient and sustainable solar cells.