Safety and Clinical Outcomes of Antibiotic Therapy for Helicobacter pylori Eradication During Pregnancy in Hyperemesis Gravidarum Patients

Introduction Hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) is a severe form of nausea and vomiting during pregnancy, often leading to significant maternal and fetal complications. <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> (<i>H. pylori</i>) infection has been associated with HG, suggesting that eradication of the bacterium may alleviate symptoms. This study evaluates the safety and outcomes of antibiotic therapy for <i>H. pylori</i> eradication in pregnant women diagnosed with HG. Objective To assess the safety and outcomes of antibiotic regimens in eradicating <i>H. pylori</i> and improving clinical outcomes in pregnant patients with HG. Methodology A cross-sectional study involving 186 pregnant women diagnosed with HG and confirmed <i>H. pylori</i> infection was conducted at Family Health Hospital, Islamabad, from June 2023 to January 2024. Participants received a standardized antibiotic regimen safe for pregnancy. Data on eradication rates, symptom improvement, hospitalization duration, and maternal and fetal outcomes were collected and analyzed. Results The antibiotic therapy achieved an <i>H. pylori</i> eradication rate of 85% (158 patients). Significant improvement in HG symptoms was observed in 145 (78%) patients, while 41 (22%) reported no symptomatic benefit. The average hospitalization duration was reduced from 7 ± 2 days before treatment to 3 ± 1 days post-treatment (p<0.01). No serious adverse effects were reported. Fetal outcomes were reassuring: the mean birth weight was 3200 ± 500 g, gestational age at delivery averaged 39 ± 1.5 weeks, preterm deliveries occurred in nine (4.8%) cases, and low birth weight infants were recorded in seven (3.8%) cases; figures comparable to national averages. Conclusion Antibiotic therapy for <i>H. pylori</i> eradication is both safe and effective in managing HG during pregnancy. This treatment approach may offer a viable strategy to alleviate severe symptoms and improve maternal and fetal outcomes.