Stable Long-Term Saving Behavior of Households: A Theoretical Analysis of Stabilizing and Destabilizing Factors

The article substantiates the significance of analyzing the theoretical foundations of stable long-term savings behavior of households to identify factors that stabilize and destabilize the accumulation process in conditions of uncertainty. The objective of the study is to systematize these factors based on the analysis of classical and modern economic theories. The methodology includes a systematic review of scientific literature published in 2000–2025 based on the eLibrary.ru and OpenAlex databases in accordance with the PRISMA protocol. Results. Based on the analysis of theories of financial liberalization, rational expectations, absolute, relative and permanent income, life cycle, buffer stock, precautionary savings and behavioral approach, as well as the concept of the hierarchy of motives, the key independent (institutional environment, macroeconomic stability, access to financial instruments) and dependent (social status, family obligations, behavioral and emotional characteristics) factors influencing the stability of savings are identified. It is substantiated that stable long-term savings behavior is a pattern of formation of financial reserves capable of smoothing out short-term economic shocks. A conclusion is made about the need for a comprehensive approach to the formation of stable savings behavior through the impact on internal factors controlled by the household. The obtained results are of practical importance for the development of measures aimed at increasing the financial stability of households and adjusting the long-term savings program in modern conditions.