COST MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS AND BUSINESS PROCESS CONTROL: HISTORICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES AND TRANSFORMATION VECTORS IN THE CONTEXT OF INDUSTRY 4.0

The purpose of the study is to analyze cost management systems and business process control from historical and methodological perspectives and to identify key vectors of their transformation in the context of Industry 4.0. The relevance lies in combining the stability of classical accounting with the flexibility of digital platforms to adapt to national practices and real-time requirements. An evolutionary overview of the development stages of cost accounting has been carried out, from classical approaches to digital transformation and ecosystem-based management. The research methodology relies on historical-system analysis, international case studies, theoretical synthesis, and modeling of future transformations in cost management and business process control within the framework of Industry 4.0. The stages of system development and the impact of tools (IoT, Big Data, AI, digital twins, blockchain) have been identified. The international experience of companies such as Toyota (Lean/Kaizen, JIT), Siemens (digital twins), Bosch (5S, Poka-Yoke, IoT), GE (predictive maintenance), Nestlé (ERP/BI), and Amazon (robotization, ML) has been studied, which made it possible to outline adaptive strategies and approaches for different levels of technological maturity, industries, and the Ukrainian context. The results of the study have both practical and strategic significance, as they reconstruct the evolution of cost accounting systems and provide practical steps for adapting Industry 4.0 technologies to cost management, with further identification of their development vectors.