Containment Control of Fractional-Order Time-Delay Multi-Agent Systems Employing a Fully Distributed Pull-Based Event-Triggered Approach

The current study explores the fully distributed containment control problem of fractional-order time-delay multi-agent systems by introducing a novel pull-based dynamic event-triggered approach. Firstly, to reduce communication overhead and mitigate time delays in controller updates, a pull-based dynamic event-triggered strategy is proposed. Secondly, in virtue of a Lyapunov candidate function, the proposed pull-based dynamic event-triggered control protocol exhibits inherent distributed properties enabling agents to operate independently and cooperatively without global information. Thirdly, we design adaptive parameters to ensure containment control convergence and provide a rigorous proof to preclude Zeno behavior. Eventually, numerical simulations are performed to verify the validity of the theoretical analysis.