Characterisation of Soft Tissue Vascular Anomalies using Conventional and Dynamic MRI Sequences – A Case Series

Background: Soft tissue vascular anomalies encompass a heterogeneous group of lesions ranging from benign vascular tumours to complex high-flow malformations. Accurate diagnosis is essential for appropriate management, and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) plays a pivotal role in classification. Objective: To assess the diagnostic utility of conventional MRI and dynamic MRI- TWIST sequence in classifying soft tissue vascular anomalies. Methods: This case series evaluates three patients using spin-echo sequences (T1/T2), contrast-enhanced TWIST imaging, and clinical correlation, with diagnostic classification referenced to Park et al. Results: Case-wise analysis distinguished between hemangioma, combined venolymphatic malformation and Arteriovenous Malformations (AVMs) based on the presence or absence of flow voids, nidus, enhancement patterns, and vascular architecture. Conclusion: The dynamic MRI sequence, particularly TWIST, is highly valuable in differentiating low-flow (e.g., venolymphatic malformation) from high-flow lesions (e.g., AVM), thereby guiding targeted therapy.