Clinicopathological characteristics and molecular genetic analysis of inflammatory and nested testicular sex cord tumor: a case report and literature review

IN-SCT is a diagnostically challenging tumor characterized by the triad of inflammatory stroma, EWSR1::ATF1 fusion, and aggressive clinical behavior. Accurate recognition of its unique features supports its classification as a distinct entity. Surgical excision followed by adjuvant chemotherapy may benefit patients with advanced disease. The distinct molecular profile of IN-SCT may provide future directions for targeted therapy and diagnostic refinement.