Theoretical analysis of MWCNT and MXene/High-k pH BioFET sensors for biomedical applications

In this paper, a theoretical analysis and comparative study of pH BioFET sensor designs using silicon/silicon dioxide (Si/SiO₂), multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT), and MXene/High-k dielectric materials is conducted. Being able to measure pH accurately and quickly is crucial in various fields, like clinical diagnostics, environmental study, food quality control, and industrial process management. Traditional sensing methods often have limitations in terms of sensitivity, selectivity, portability, and continuous observing. The incorporation of advanced materials, specifically carbon nanotubes and Ti₃C₂Tx MXene, into biosensor designs leads to improved sensing capacities, primarily attributed to their elevated surface-to-volume ratios, heightened sensitivity, and inherent biocompatibility. The study details the structural aspects of each BioFET device and employs a mathematical model to analyze their performance. Simulation results demonstrate that the MXene/High-k device exhibits superior electrical properties, including higher drain current, and transduction sensitivity, making it highly promising for advanced pH sensing applications compared to conventional Si/SiO₂ and MWCNT-based sensors.