A Retrospective Analysis on the Facial Bone Fractures at a Tertiary Care Centre

Background: With the rise in road traffic accidents, there has been an increase in facial trauma involving facial bone fractures. This study is aimed at analysing the types of facial bone fractures. Methods: 123 patients belonging to different etiologies, age groups and genders with facial bone fractures who were treated at our centre at Government Kilpauk Medical College Hospital, Chennai, from January 2023 to December 2023, were considered for the study. Patients who lost follow-up and discontinued treatment were excluded from the study. Results: 1255 patients presented with plastic surgical emergencies during the study period, of which 123 patients had sustained facial bone fractures with an incidence rate of 9.8%. As per the study, the most common fractures are as follows in the decreasing pattern of incidence, namely mandible, zygomaticomaxillary complex, nasal bone and orbital fractures, respectively. The majority of the study population were men belonging to the age group of 20 to 40 years. The majority of the patients presented with unilateral involvement. Road traffic accident was found to be the most common etiological factor, with 84 patients in the group. 116 out of 123 patients underwent surgical management in the form of open reduction and internal fixation, whereas 7 underwent conservative management. Conclusion: The majority of the study population were men belonging to the age group between 20 and 40 years, with road traffic accidents as the main etiological factor. Mandibular fractures were the most common facial bone fracture found in the study.