The Impact of Implementing Supply Chain X.0: A Bibliometric Literature Review Using PRISMA Protocol

The evolution of supply chain management (SCM) into Supply Chain X.0 reflects the integration of advanced technologies and adaptive strategies that redefine operational efficiency, sustainability, and resilience. This systematic literature review examines the impact of implementing Supply Chain X.0, focusing on operational efficiency, economic outcomes, environmental sustainability, and social implications. Following the PRISMA protocol, 83 peer-reviewed articles from 1998 to 2025 were analyzed and sourced from Scopus. Findings reveal that Supply Chain X.0 enhances performance through automation, real-time visibility, predictive analytics, and sustainability initiatives. However, challenges such as high implementation costs, workforce adaptation, data quality, and security persist. This review provides a comprehensive synthesis for understanding these impacts and identifies research gaps and future research directions for smart supply chain development. Furthermore, it offers novelty by synthesizing the entire Supply Chain X.0 evolution (0.0 to 5.0) in one systematic review combining performance and sustainability impacts across all stages with quantified metrics, thus providing a holistic view that bridges historical and modern smart supply chains. It also identifies underexplored research gaps, such as the applicability of X.0 stages in developing economies and the need for standardized eco-metrics. Finally, the review introduces a novel visual framework using VOSviewer to illustrate the interconnectedness of keywords related to the supply chain, performance, sustainability, and AI, offering a tool to guide future integrative research.