The impact of spatial distribution of noise pollution from music recreation facilities and residents’ perceptions in Chongqing municipality

With the rapid development of the night economy, the effects of noise pollution and the spatial differentiation characteristics of music leisure and entertainment facilities have become important issues in urban governance. Taking Chongqing city as an example, this study utilized AutoNavi POI data, noise complaint records, and field monitoring data to reveal the spatial distribution patterns and residents' perceptions of noise pollution from music facilities. The study found that: (1) Music leisure and entertainment facilities in Chongqing exhibit a "multi-core" decentralized pattern, differing from the "core solo diffusion" pattern observed in lowland cities. Due to topographic segmentation, Chongqing presents a unique "valley agglomeration-platform jumping" differentiation. The core areas (Guanyin Bridge, Jiefangbei, etc.) overlap with active night economy zones, while secondary nodes (such as university towns) show local agglomerations due to terrain constraints. (2) The distribution of music leisure and entertainment facilities is significantly correlated with noise complaint locations. The Pearson correlation coefficient peaks at a 250 m grid scale (r = 0.75), and the number of complaints increases nonlinearly when facility density exceeds 140 n/km², revealing the critical threshold effect of noise-carrying capacity in mountainous cities. (3) The innovative integration of citizen complaint data to construct a noise perception map verifies the feasibility of using public participation data for identifying noise hotspots. However, this approach is limited by the subjectivity of residents' complaint behaviour and the spatial coverage bias. The results of this study provide guidance for urban acoustic environment zoning control strategies and offer insights for mountainous cities to balance commercial vitality with acoustic environment governance.