Stimuli-responsive nanofiller-based shape memory polymer composites: Actuation methods and biomedical applications

Shape memory polymer composites (SMPCs) represent a class of advanced materials that have garnered significant attention for fundamental research and technological innovation due to their unique combination of shape memory polymers with various fillers and reinforcements. Shape-memory polymers have large deformation, various stimulation methods, low density, good biocompatibility and with their potential applications. In the present work, a concise examination of the latest developments in the dominion of SMPCs is delineated, with specific emphasis placed on their composition, shape-memory phenomena, and operational principles. This review also focuses of the diverse actuation mechanisms utilized in conjunction with SMPCs, ranging from thermal and electrical stimuli to novel approaches involving light, magnetic fields and chemical. The review highlights the impact of these actuation methods on the overall performance, response times, and reversibility of SMPCs. Subsequently, a comprehensive analysis of the utilization of SMPCs is presented, covering their functionalities in biomedical engineering, of dynamic origami structures. This showcases their capability to undergo active manipulation and deformation, their flexibility, their convenience in transportation, and their efficient production potential, thus effectively highlighting the distinctive benefits of Shape Memory Polymers (SMPs) in addressing practical challenges. SMP composites possess unique characteristics that set them apart from traditional SMPs, making them suitable for a wide range of applications.