ЗЕЛЕНА ЕКОНОМІКА ТА СТАЛИЙ РОЗВИТОК

In modern conditions, global environmental challenges, such as climate change, depletion of natural resources and environmental pollution, have jeopardized the possibility of stable economic growth and social well-being of future generations. The traditional linear model of the economy, based on the principles of "extract, use, dispose of waste", has exhausted itself. This necessitates a critical analysis of existing approaches and the search for new development paradigms, among which the concept of a green economy occupies a central place. The purpose of the article is to systematize theoretical approaches to defining the essence of a green economy, a comprehensive assessment of its role as a catalyst for sustainable development, as well as an analysis of the effectiveness of key instruments and mechanisms for its implementation at the national and regional levels. The object of the study is the socio-economic relations that arise in the process of transforming the traditional economic system towards a green economy and sustainable development. The subject of the study is the theoretical and methodological foundations, economic instruments, mechanisms of state regulation and institutional conditions that ensure the transition to a green economy. Research methods: To achieve the research goal, a complex of general scientific and special methods was used, including: system analysis (to study the relationships between the components of the green economy); comparative analysis (to assess international experience); statistical methods and correlation-regression analysis (to identify relationships between economic and environmental indicators); abstract-logical method (to formulate theoretical generalizations and conclusions). The main hypothesis of the study. It is assumed that the transition to a green economy is not only an imperative of environmental safety, but also a powerful driver of long-term economic growth based on innovation, energy efficiency and the creation of new "green" jobs. The effectiveness of this transition depends on the synergy between clear state policy, private investment and civil society activity. Presentation of the main material. The article examines the evolution of the concept of a green economy in the context of the sustainable development paradigm. The key tools for its implementation are analyzed: economic (pollution taxes, green procurement system, emissions trading), regulatory (environmental standards and regulation) and informational (eco-labeling). Successful cases of EU countries in stimulating renewable energy and the circular economy are considered using specific examples. Special attention is paid to the analysis of barriers to the "greening" of the Ukrainian economy and ways to overcome them are proposed. Originality and practical significance. The originality of the work lies in the comprehensive approach to assessing the transformational potential of the green economy, which combines macroeconomic analysis with an assessment of the effectiveness of specific mechanisms. The practical significance of the results obtained lies in the development of scientifically based recommendations for state authorities on the formation of an effective policy to stimulate "green" investments, modernize infrastructure and ensure environmental education of the population. The materials of the article can be used in the educational process. Conclusions and prospects for further research. It has been proven that the green economy is the basis for achieving sustainable development goals, as it provides synergy between environmental sustainability, economic efficiency and social justice. Integrated approaches that combine fiscal instruments, innovation incentives and international cooperation have been identified as the most effective. Prospects for further research lie in the quantitative assessment of socio-economic effects from the implementation of specific "green" projects, as well as in the study of the adaptation of circular economy mechanisms for key sectors of the national economy