Determination of the effects of monosodium glutamate, calcitriol and coenzyme Q substances on suppressing immune system cells

The immune system is one of the most crucial systems in the human body, as it plays a vital role in destroying pathogens and foreign particles. Any disruption in immune system activity can lead to specific diseases called "opportunistic diseases," such as lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, and multiple sclerosis. In such cases, immunomodulatory agents are used. In this study, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from a single healthy donor were cultured and then stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which induces the release of inflammatory cytokines, to create an experimental model similar to those used in autoimmune diseases. For this purpose, PBMC cells were isolated from donor blood and cultured. Various concentrations were applied, and LPS was induced at the determined stimulating concentration (IC50) of 20,000 ng/ml. Cytotoxicity was then determined by applying monosodium glutamate (MSG), calcitriol, and coenzyme Q at effective concentrations (IC50) determined through preliminary experiments. According to the obtained data, a 70% (p<0.001) cytotoxic effect was observed in MSG-treated cells after 24 hours. 48 hours after substance application, MSG showed a 90% (p<0.001) cytotoxic effect on cells, while coenzyme Q10 showed an 89% (p<0.01) cytotoxic effect. Calcitriol did not exhibit inhibitory properties on PBMCs. 72 hours after the substances were applied, coenzyme Q10 showed a 94% cytotoxic effect on cells. 96 hours after the substances were applied to LPS-induced PBMC cells, no difference was observed between the groups. As a result, it was found that the substances applied may have different effects depending on time, in line with the findings obtained. Considering the effects of the substances on PBMCs, it is important to investigate their effects in more detail in some disease conditions where it is desired to inhibit immune system cells, so that they can be evaluated as an option in treatment. A full understanding of the effectiveness and safety of these substances is important for individualized treatment approaches.