Avanços em inteligência artificial, robótica e realidade virtual aumentada em neurocirurgia

Introduction: Innovations in artificial intelligence (AI) and technology have revolutionized neurosurgery, a complex specialty where precision is crucial. Application areas include spinal, vascular, epilepsy, tumor, functional, trauma, and critical care neurosurgery. Notable advancements include robot-assisted minimally invasive surgery, telemedicine, telesurgery, and augmented/virtual reality, which enhance treatment precision and neurosurgeon training. Objective: To review the recent advances in IA applicable to neurosurgery. Method: The research question was defined as: "What are the main technological advancements in neurosurgery and their importance in surgical practice?" Using English MeSH descriptors, searches were conducted in the PubMed, Medline, and Science Direct databases. Original studies in English or Spanish addressing the question were included, excluding duplicate, review articles, and those outside the scope. Result: Studies demonstrate the diverse application of AI in neurosurgery, mainly in neuro-oncology, functional, vascular, spinal, and traumatic brain injury surgery. AI enhances diagnosis, surgical planning, and postoperative monitoring, increasing the precision and safety of interventions. AI also aids in diagnosing conditions like intracerebral hemorrhage, though challenges such as false positives and the need for medical confirmation persist. Conclusion: Technological innovations in AI, robotics, and augmented reality/ virtual reality are redefining neurosurgery, enhancing the precision, safety, and efficacy of treatments. Telemedicine and telesurgery expand access to specialized care, while professional training is improved with new training tools. Collaboration between the medical community and regulators is essential to maximize the benefits of these innovations