Interpretable statistical modeling of patient flow in emergency departments

The experimental results demonstrate that our simulation method effectively reproduces patient flow dynamics with a high level of realism and flexibility, even in the absence of information related to service resources. Its interpretable design and adjustable parameters enable safe data analysis and the exploration of alternative management strategies (e.g., modifying potential patient routes or restricting some transitions). These features position the methodology as a valuable tool for supporting informed decision-making and suggest its potential for use in other hospitals with suitable data, pending validation on external datasets.