Forensic Odontology as a Primary Identifier: Developing a Sustainable DVI Protocol for Mass Fatality Incidents in Resource-Limited Contexts

This theoretical study investigates the viability of forensic odontology as a primary identifier for developing a sustainable Disaster Victim Identification (DVI) protocol in resource-limited contexts. Triggered by the catastrophic cyclones that have recently struck Malawi, resulting in hundreds of fatalities and overwhelming national response capacities, the research addresses a critical gap in humanitarian logistics. The study employs a mixed-methods approach, combining a qualitative analysis of post-cyclone DVI challenges in Malawi with quantitative, comparative modelling of resource allocation. It theoretically critiques the current, resource-intensive Interpol DVI standards, arguing for a context-specific protocol that prioritizes odontology over DNA and fingerprinting due to its relative cost-effectiveness, rapid deployment, and durability in tropical environments. Empirically, the research proposes a structured protocol integrating simplified odontological data collection with local healthcare infrastructure and international forensic support. The findings provide a scalable, practical framework that enhances identification rates, respects the deceased’s dignity, and supports psychosocial recovery for affected communities, thereby contributing to both the practical and ethical dimensions of international disaster management.