The Bode Family of Large Language Models: Investigating the Frontiers of LLMs in Brazilian Portuguese

The rapid advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) has significantly impacted Natural Language Processing, yet their effectiveness remains uneven across languages. Most state-of-the-art models are trained predominantly in English, leading to performance disparities in lower-resource languages such as Brazilian Portuguese (BP). This paper explores fine-tuning strategies for adapting open-weight LLMs to BP, focusing on dataset translation techniques, linguistic adaptation challenges, and parameter-efficient fine-tuning methods, such as LoRA and Q-LoRA. We present a benchmark analysis evaluating multiple fine-tuning approaches across various open models, establishing a guiding framework for future BP-specific adaptations. Our results showcase the importance of specialized fine-tuning in improving cross-lingual transfer and NLP performance in BP, contributing to the broader goal of enhancing multilingual language model accessibility.

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Publication Details

Journal
Journal of the Brazilian Computer Society
Published
2025-10-08
DOI
https://doi.org/10.5753/jbcs.2025.5812
Primary Topic
Natural Language Processing Techniques
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
0.00

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article

The Bode Family of Large Language Models: Investigating the Frontiers of LLMs in Brazilian Portuguese

João Paulo Papa, João Renato Ribeiro Manesco, Gabriel Lino Garcia, Pedro Henrique Paiola et al.
Journal of the Brazilian Computer Society
Natural Language Processing Techniques
article

The Bode Family of Large Language Models: Investigating the Frontiers of LLMs in Brazilian Portuguese

João Paulo Papa, João Renato Ribeiro Manesco, Gabriel Lino Garcia, Pedro Henrique Paiola, José Carlos Ferreira Correia, Ana Lara Alves Garcia
article en

Abstract

The rapid advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) has significantly impacted Natural Language Processing, yet their effectiveness remains uneven across languages. Most state-of-the-art models are trained predominantly in English, leading to performance disparities in lower-resource languages such as Brazilian Portuguese (BP). This paper explores fine-tuning strategies for adapting open-weight LLMs to BP, focusing on dataset translation techniques, linguistic adaptation challenges, and parameter-efficient fine-tuning methods, such as LoRA and Q-LoRA. We present a benchmark analysis evaluating multiple fine-tuning approaches across various open models, establishing a guiding framework for future BP-specific adaptations. Our results showcase the importance of specialized fine-tuning in improving cross-lingual transfer and NLP performance in BP, contributing to the broader goal of enhancing multilingual language model accessibility.

Journal of the Brazilian Computer SocietyVol. 31(1)
Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul (BR), Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp) (BR)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
Openalex Percentile: Top 85%
Natural Language Processing Techniques
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