A model of the history and philosophy of science in the context of postsecular thinking

Introduction . The article considers two models of the development of scientific knowledge: secular and postsecular, analyzed in the context of fundamental attitudes of thinking. Purpose setting. The task is to conceptualize the postsecular model of the formation of science as the most adequate to the modern educational space, which is in a state of Post-Enlightenment. Methodology and methods of the study . Descriptive and comparative analysis, modeling method. Results . The post-secular model emphasizes the role of Christianity as a cultural revolution in the transition from ancient to modern knowledge, as a result of which Christianity is considered not as an opponent, but as a beneficiary of classical Greek civilization. A special role in the formation of scientific knowledge of Syrian Christian schools is revealed, as a result of which it is emphasized that ancient knowledge entered the Arab culture through the orphan-speaking world. It is shown that the fundamental attitudes of the traditional type of thinking did not allow the brilliant Arab scholarship to overcome the Aristotelian-Ptolemaic cosmology. Christian schools and universities are preparing the ground for the transition from the ancient to the modern worldview. Conclusion . It is necessary to rethink the importance of medieval science and metaphysical theology and consider them as successors who not only accepted the ancient heritage, but also prepared all the conditions for the transition to secular thinking and a modern scientific picture of the world.