Optimization of solid needles for percutaneous needle electrolysis in invasive physiotherapy: <i>ex vivo</i> study

Introduction: Percutaneous needle electrolysis (PNE) is an invasive physiotherapy technique that applies a galvanic current through a solid needle to treat musculoskeletal disorders. The effectiveness of the technique depends on the properties of the needle used, including its conductivity, biocompatibility, and mechanical resistance. This study explores improvements in needle design to enhance therapeutic outcomes. Materials and Methods: The research focuses on the evaluation of different needle materials and coatings to optimize electrical conductivity and minimize tissue damage. Experimental analysis includes testing mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, and electrical performance. The results of this study can also be applied to patient safety and comfort. Results: Findings indicate that modifications in needle material, such as the use of stainless steel with specialized coatings, significantly improve electrical efficiency and reduce unwanted oxidation. Enhanced designs result in lower resistance, improving the precision of the electrical current application. Additionally, improvements in needle flexibility and sharpness may contribute to reducing patient discomfort. Conclusions: The study confirms that improving the material and coating of solid needles used in PNE can improve the technique's effectiveness. Specifically, stainless steel needles with specialized coatings increase electrical conductivity, reduce oxidation, and improve durability. These modifications allow for more precise current application, minimizing tissue damage and potentially reducing patient discomfort. Future studies should focus on clinical validation and further optimization to maximize safety and therapeutic benefits.