A Composite Sponge Based on Carboxymethyl Chitosan‐ Panax Notoginseng Polysaccharides for Rapid Hemostasis and Wound Healing

Effective control of large and deep wounds with incompressible bleeding is essential for pre-hospital first aid. The development of rapid and effective emergency hemostatic materials could reduce the amount of blood loss, promote wound healing, and improve the survival rate. In this study, a carboxymethyl chitosan/ Panax notoginseng polysaccharide (CMCS&PNP) sponge with a layered porous structure was developed, which has high hemostatic and antibacterial effects. The unique bark-like layered porous structure was prepared by the rapid freezing method, which enabled CMCS&PNP to quickly adsorb the water from the bottom of the sponge to the upper layer (the water absorption rate within 3 min could reach 256.83 ± 2.04%). The smaller pores between the two layers allow red blood cells and fibrin to be trapped on the surface of the bottom of the sponge, thereby concentrating the tangible components of the blood and speeding up clotting. The pro-coagulant activity, pro-healing ability, and antibacterial properties of CMCS&PNP were confirmed by in vivo and in vitro experiments. This study not only developed a new composite sponge with high efficiency in hemostasis but also promoted healing. In addition, we also studied the effect of the layered porous structure prepared by rapid freezing on hemostasis and wound healing, providing a new perspective for the development of a composite hemostatic sponge.