Infinitely many virtual knots with any given sequence of n-writhes

Satoh and Taniguchi introduced the [Formula: see text]-writhe [Formula: see text] for each non-zero integer [Formula: see text], which is an integer invariant for virtual knots. It is obvious that the virtualization of a real crossing is an unknotting operation for virtual knots. In our previous paper, we showed that if [Formula: see text] is a sequence of integers with [Formula: see text], then there exists a virtual knot [Formula: see text] whose virtual unknotting number equals one and [Formula: see text] for any [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we show that there exist infinitely many virtual knots having such properties by using the vertex connected sum on Gauss diagrams.

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Publication Details

Journal
Journal of Knot Theory and Its Ramifications
Published
2025-10-15
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218216525500920
Primary Topic
Graph Theory and Algorithms
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
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article

Infinitely many virtual knots with any given sequence of n-writhes

Migiwa Sakurai, YOSHIYUKI OHYAMA
Journal of Knot Theory and Its Ramifications
Graph Theory and Algorithms
article

Infinitely many virtual knots with any given sequence of n-writhes

Migiwa Sakurai, YOSHIYUKI OHYAMA
article en

Abstract

Satoh and Taniguchi introduced the [Formula: see text]-writhe [Formula: see text] for each non-zero integer [Formula: see text], which is an integer invariant for virtual knots. It is obvious that the virtualization of a real crossing is an unknotting operation for virtual knots. In our previous paper, we showed that if [Formula: see text] is a sequence of integers with [Formula: see text], then there exists a virtual knot [Formula: see text] whose virtual unknotting number equals one and [Formula: see text] for any [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we show that there exist infinitely many virtual knots having such properties by using the vertex connected sum on Gauss diagrams.

Journal of Knot Theory and Its Ramifications
Shibaura Institute of Technology (JP), Tokyo Woman's Christian University (JP)
Openalex Percentile: Top 71%
Graph Theory and Algorithms
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Infinitely many virtual knots with any given sequence of n-writhes — Migiwa Sakurai, YOSHIYUKI OHYAMA · Journal of Knot Theory and Its Ramifications (2025) | TGRS Research Map | TGRS