Extraction Method of Alginate Polysaccharide, Its Biological Activity and Research on Its Potential in Hypoglycemia, Antioxidation and Immunomulation

Functional active ingredients are key research targets in the food, biomedical, and health sectors, with broad application prospects in the food industry, healthcare, and medicine. Among these, seaweed polysaccharides have drawn significant attention due to their unique properties and application potential. This review summarizes the types, functional characteristics, extraction methods (both conventional and modern, with a comparison of their advantages and disadvantages), as well as the core biological activities and mechanisms of seaweed polysaccharides, based on a comprehensive analysis of domestic and international literature. The results indicate that seaweed polysaccharides exhibit notable functional advantages in food development, pharmaceutical preparations, and health products. Modern extraction techniques outperform conventional methods in terms of extraction efficiency and environmental sustainability. Their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, hypoglycemic, and immunomodulatory properties show great potential in functional food markets such as diabetes management, immune health, and anti-aging.