Application of Brain-Computer Interface in Generalized Tonic-Clonic Seizures

Generalized Tonic-Clonic Seizures (GTCS), or grand mal seizures, are a severe type of epileptic seizure with high morbidity and mortality. Traditional treatment methods, such as Anti-seizure Medication (ASM) and surgical intervention, have limited efficacy, and long-term medication may lead to adverse reactions. Brain-Computer Interface technology provides a new potential approach for the treatment of GTCS by real-time monitoring and regulating abnormal brain electrical activity. Through the closed-loop regulation mechanism, it shows significant potential in the monitoring and early warning of GTCS. This article, in the form of a review, summarizes and analyzes the research results on the pathological mechanism of GTCS, the technical principles of Brain-Computer Interface, and its clinical applications, aiming to lay a foundation for the clinical application of Brain-Computer Interface technology in the treatment of GTCS and other neurological diseases. In addition, Brain-Computer Interface technology also has application value in other neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease, post-stroke paralysis, and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). Despite technical challenges such as the biocompatibility of invasive devices and signal noise of non-invasive devices, with policy support and the deepening of interdisciplinary cooperation, Brain-Computer Interface is expected to become a revolutionary treatment for patients with refractory epilepsy.