Smart Construction Technology Competitiveness: Matrix-Based Evaluation and International Cooperation Strategies

Smart construction, integrating BIM, digital twins, robotics, modular/OSC, and AI-IoT-based management, has emerged as a transformative approach to address persistent challenges in the construction industry, including low productivity, safety risks, and labor shortages.However, variations in institutional frameworks and industrial capacities across countries have created disparities in technology adoption, underscoring the importance of international cooperation.This study introduces a Technology Evaluation Matrix with 29 indicators to quantitatively assess 12 countries across four dimensions: Technology, People, Governance, and Impact.The results show the U.S. leads in research outputs, patents, and market impact; China in research volume and market size; Japan in policy and infrastructure; and the U.K. in human networks, while Korea demonstrates strong governance but weaker industrial and human resources.Based on a subsequent SWOT analysis, tailored cooperation strategies are proposed to accelerate adoption and enhance global competitiveness.